Ideology is the most important pillar of the political campaign. Indeed, the political ideology can create political, social and military force for leaders. Without political ideology, creating political organization is impossible. The political ideology can be religious and irreligious in secular communities.
In merely religious system of government each literature and dialogue which is out of religion isn’t basically understandable and influential to be applied to recruit social and political forces. For this reason, religious reforming movements are located in the periods of time before the emergence of irreligious and secular dialogues. As a matter of fact, the religious reform movement provides the opportunity for the emergence of irreligious dialogues by breaking and the dominance of the dominant religious dialogue.
In understanding the political ideology of Babism, it should be paid attention that basically creating each social movement in 13th century Iran couldn’t be done free from religious language and literature. Each political action and social one needed religious literature and language which could not be emerged without it. Consequently, the political movement of Babism could be influential on some social groups exploiting the ideology which was exaggerative in nature.
The first ideology of Babism was an exaggerative one which was originated by Sheikism founded by Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee in Qajar dynasty.”[1]
It is publically believed that religious exaggeration has been originated by emotional sources, but there are other reasons for it. Investigating the biographies and characters of the leaders of religious exaggeration; such as Abul Khatab, Moghayreh ibn Saeed, Abu Mansour Ajali and Bayan ibn Sama’n, the researchers of this field have founded out that they have turned to it to achieve the economic, political and social powers.
They have assumed themselves as God and the prophet to exploit people’s emotions and religious beliefs to achieve their political aims.[2]
One of the most important characteristics of religious exaggerators is ignoring religious teachings and values. This feature can be observable in Babiom history. Its important example is Badasht event Tahireh Qorratul Ein. There are other examples of ignoring religious values by Babism during history: “Getting married with their daughters and buggering.”[3]
After continuous political and ideological failures, Babism changed its ideology in the next periods of time. The reasons for changing ideology by Babism are as follows:
I) Failing the first ideology and claiming for emerging of Imam of the Time (May God hasten his reappearance) and exaggerative ideology.
II) Forming new conditions in Ottoman government and having relationships with aliens such as Russia and England
III) Recruiting new forces such as Agha Khan Kermani and Sheikh Ahmad Rouhi.
After the ideology failure of Babism, this sedition was removed by military conflicts and civil wars and Bahaism changed its identity and became a political organization headed by Shoghi Effendi (the third leader of Bahaism and his American wife) and the universal house of justice
It should be said that Babism and Bahaism have been changed in nature twice and have been transformed thrice:
I) The emergence of Babism in Iran
II) Failing Babism ideology and the emergence of Bahaism
III) The failure of traditional Bahaism and the emergence of western and liberalistic teachings in it.
Thus, Bahaism is a political organization now rather than a cult and a religion. The kind of activity of this organization in all countries is quite political in order for Zionism aims and the Colonial western countries to be achieved.
Source: The book” the political organization of Bahaism”, pp. 88-91.
[۱] For more studies about Babism theories refer to Ismaeeli, Hamid Reza, “Theories about the emergence of Babism, historical studies periodical, Fall, No. 58.1396, PP. 23-56.
[۲] Safari Foroshani, Ne’matullah, the exaggerators: Mashhad: The Islamic researches foundations, 1391, pp. 43 & 44.
[۳] Ibid, p. 45.
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