What is One of the greatest possible treachery against a country? What is the best manner in the conditions that a country is dealing with interior and exterior problems; in one side, many chaos are dominating on economic cultural and political affairs of the country and in other side the foreign Colonial countries are trying to pursue their satanic and Colonial aims using a weak country by the exercising influence on the country. In such circumstance, a national, religious enlightened man emerged from the country and tried hard to settle the unsettled conditions of the country and proceeded the country towards independence politically, culturally and economically. He created discipline in all mentioned affairs and provided welfare and security for the Iranian country.
Yes, he was Amir the great who emerged in Naseruddin Shah’s period of time. He did great measures in grave situation of the country for national interests and security.
Mirza Tagi Khan, Amir the great (Born 1186 S.H. – Died Day 20, 1230 S.H.) was one of the Iranian Chancellors during Naseruddin Shah’s period of time. Amir the great’s reforms started shortly after he became the chancellor and continued to the end of his short office of a chancellor. He has been a chancellor for 39 months ( and 3 years and 3 months)
Childhood:
Mirza Tagi Farahani was born in Hazaveh village, Arak city. His father was Karbalaee Qorban and was Qaem Maqam Farahani’s chef. He was educated at Qaem Magam’s house. He became the secretary of Qaem Magam.
His presence at the governmental system:
After Griboyedov’s murder in Iran, he was commissioned to see the Russian Czar to apologize by the governmental system of Iran. Then, he became the head of a political board and was responsible to solve border differences with the Ottoman government. This mission lasted for 2 years and Mirza Muhammad Taqi khan entitled Amir Nezam.
– The most important Great measures by Amir the great:
۱) The establishment of Darul Fonoun school: Darul Fonoun school was established in seven branches during premiership of Amir the Great and it was the first new school of Iran. Qajar princes were the first students of Darul Fonoun. In Darul Fonoun, new scientific principles, engineering sciences, medical knowledge and techniques were being trained to the youth and most teachers had been applied from the Europe particularly from the countries like Austria, Spain, Italy and France. After the deposition of Amir the Great, the school continued to exist in spite of Mirza Agha Khan Nouri’s oppositions.
۲) Publishing the newspaper called Vagaye-e-Ettefaqieh: The first edition of the newspaper was published in the third year of Naseruddin Shah Qajar’s kingdom on Bahman, 18, 1229 S.H. (Feb. 7, 1851 A.D.) attempted by Amir the Great. Ordered by Amir the Great, the subscription of the magazine was compulsory for everybody who received salary the governmental system more than 200 Tumans. In this newspaper, the domestic news was published including: the news about the court, removal from office, appointing in office, bestowing positions, medals, privileges and etc. In some issues, the news about the events in the Iranian cities was published. In foreign news, the news about the European Countries was being published. Also, this newspaper contained event page.
۳) The social reforms: Amir the Great ordered for the custom of hitting with machete and being of a forgiving attitude to be vanished out of the cities and ways. He made carrying weapons forbidden. He nullified taking refuge in a sanctuary. This action made most. clergymen oppose.
۴) Organizing the army: Amir the great founded the lessons for armed men and omitting useless jobs in the organizational system. Making ammunition was developed in his time and the conditions of army cloths were disciplined and arranged. Ordered by him, the soldiers’ cloths were from the Iranian materials.
۵) Reforming foreign policy:
Amir the Great developed the system of foreign affairs. Establishing permanent offices in London and Saint Petersburg, establishing consulate in Bombay, Ottoman and Caucasus, educating staff for the ministry of foreign affairs and regulating the political documents office.
– Amir the Great’s economic reforms:
۱) Creating new industry by Amir the Great including extracting mines, developing factories, employing technical masters from the U.K., sending technicians to Russia, buying factories from the foreign countries, and supporting the domestic productions.
۲) promoting agriculture
۳) National economy confronting the Colonialism one
۴) Investigating the financial conditions campaigning against cultism and religious deviations:
– Religious reforms
– Removing titles
Ordering to kill Seyyed Ali Muhammed Shirazi entitled “the Bab”. Ordered by Amir, Bab was shot in Tabriz. He considered the measures of this cult as weakening the central power. At that time, Russia and England were supporting Babism and Bahaism.
The order for killing Salar, the son of Asef-al-Doleh: Salar, the governor of Khorasan was going to separate Khorasan land from Iran. So, Amir the Great dispatched a corps to Khorasan and ordered for Salar and his followers to be killed.
His disposal and departure
The presence of Amir the Great in the court was continually opposed by some intimates of the Shah such as Mahd Oliya, the Shah’s mother and Mirza Agha Khan Nouri, Bahaism agent. Some courtiers accused him to be going to be the king. So the Shah was afraid of the issue and announced the commandment for his disposal. Four days later, Mirza Agha Khan was appointed as the Chancellor.
The Baha’is Were Amir’s enemies. So, they planned to kill him. They created disunity between the Shah and Amir. The main agent of this course was Mirza Agha Khan Noun who had a really close relationship with Baha. So, Mahde Oliya, Mirza Agha Khan Nouri and Hussein Ali Nouri planned Amis the great’s assassination and practiced.
Two days after disposal, Amir the Great was exiled to Kashan city. His opponents managed to take his murder verdict from the Shah. Eventually, Amir the Great was murdered on Day 20, 1230 S.H. (Jan, 10, 1852 A.D.) in Fin bath, Kashan City. Amir’s dead body was buried first in Kashan city. Some months later, he was transferred to Karbala insisted by his wife, Ezzat-al-Doleh and buried in a room whose door was opened to Imam Hussein’s (P.H.) Court-yard.[1]
Sources: http://www.asemankafinet.ir/ta
http://beytoote.com/art/negah-gozashte
http://fa.wikishia.net/
[۱] Refer to historians: Fereydoun Adamiyat and Bahram Afrasyabi
